In Senegal, horsestthey represent significant socioeconomic potential in both urban and rural areas. Indeed, they play a role in several sectors of activity. To ensure that horses are given greater consideration in development policies, our article focuses on describing these activities and their impacts in on rural and urban areas. This study was conducted in the rural area of Bambey Serere in the department of Bambey and in the urban area of Yeumbeul, in the a suburb of Dakar. The methodology used for this study was based on a literature review, surveys, and interviews. A total of 75 people were surveyed in Bambey Serere and 50 in Yeumbeul. The results showed that the majority of respondents own horses in both the rural and urban areas. They are all literate in either French or Arabic. In rural areas, the use of horses for farm work in rural areas increases agricultural production. In urban areas, the work involves transporting materials and goods. The income generated from various income-generating activities helps improve their households’ living conditions. Therefore, it is important to organize the work of horse-drawn vehicle drivers and to take their activities into account in public policies for agricultural and transportation development.

This research is focused on member commitment and excellent service which is the key to the success of the cooperation. The independent variables in this study are member commitment and excellent service, because in cooperation efforts these elements provide motivation to members in utilizing the cooperation services that are carried out, so the need for the participation of members towards the utilization of the business unit. While the dependent variable is the success of the cooperation. The research method consists of, first, qualitative analysis based on field data. The collected data is then analyzed by an ordinal scale (Likert) descriptive approach. Second, quantitative analysis with MSI interval scale approach (Method of Successive Interval). The results showed that the success of the cooperation was influenced by the member commitment variable of 0.564 units or 56.4%, and the prime service variable was 0.284 units or 28.4%. Together, the commitment of members and excellent service affect the success of the cooperation which is equal to 0.772 units or equal to 77.2%.

Gastritis of the glandular stomach is less extensively investigated in pigs than lesions of the pars oesophagea. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of glandular gastritis in commercial finishing pigs during abattoir monitoring in Slovakia and to characterize the distribution of macroscopic lesions of the pars oesophagea. A total of 873 stomachs from commercial finishing pigs originating from several farms were examined macroscopically. The glandular mucosa was evaluated for gastritis, while lesions of the pars oesophagea were classified into four severity grades. Selected stomachs were also examined histopathologically. Glandular gastritis was detected in 260 stomachs (29.8%). No macroscopic lesions of the pars oesophagea were observed in 502 stomachs (57.5%), whereas parakeratosis was recorded in 210 (24.1%), erosions in 141 (16.2%), and ulcerations in 20 (2.3%). Histopathological examination confirmed inflammatory and degenerative changes in the glandular mucosa. The findings indicate that glandular gastritis is relatively common in commercial finishing pigs. Systematic evaluation of both the glandular mucosa and pars oesophagea during abattoir examination may provide a more comprehensive assessment of gastric lesions in finishing pigs.